Here's a potential paper on the topic:

The character of Gollum is another highlight of the book. His tragic backstory and conflicted personality make him a sympathetic, if deeply flawed, character. The dynamic between Frodo and Gollum is fraught with tension, as Frodo struggles to resist the lure of the Ring and Gollum's own conflicted desires.

The struggle between good and evil is, of course, a dominant theme throughout the book. Tolkien's depiction of Sauron's darkness and the armies of Mordor serves as a powerful allegory for the dangers of totalitarianism and the importance of individual freedom.