The steam reforming reaction is as follows:
However, in the presence of a catalyst and at high temperatures, the oxygen produced reacts with carbon-based materials, such as methane or coal, to produce carbon monoxide: cracked steam
Cracked steam is typically produced through a process called steam reforming, where high-temperature steam is passed over a catalyst, usually a metal oxide, to facilitate the decomposition reaction. The reaction is endothermic, meaning it absorbs heat energy, and requires temperatures above 700°C (1,300°F). The steam reforming reaction is as follows: However,
CO2 (carbon dioxide) + H2 (hydrogen) → CO (carbon monoxide) + H2O (steam) such as methane or coal